Orgniasing and managing across cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Orgniasing and overseeing across societies - Essay Example In that capacity, this report looks to basically break down the centrality of culture in the administration frameworks in associations in Africa. The report will likewise endeavor to set up if the thoughts that describe the idea of ubuntu can be applied in other social settings. The way of thinking of ubuntu The idea of ubuntu fundamentally started from the way of life of African individuals which puts more accentuation on social practices, for example, sharing and rewarding each other similarly (Schultz, 2005). Ubuntu is an analogy that portrays the criticalness of gathering solidarity, ethical quality, humanness, neighborliness and comprehension (Mbigi and Maree, 2005). This idea is significant on endurance issues in African people group which because of destitution need to get by through caring gathering care and not singular independence. This idea is appropriate to poor networks and the primary thought behind it is to engage the minimized individuals and the thought has been tac kled in the administration of individuals in the associations to mirror their inclinations. With respect to associations, the idea of ubuntu underlines the need to outfit the solidarity inclination of the African individuals in creating the board practices and approach. Western and African societies are altogether different and conduct of individuals from these spots is likewise extraordinary. In Africa, the way of thinking of more distant family is given need while in western societies, accentuation is on the family unit and the individual and rivalry is supported. From an African point of view, truth of underdevelopment can't be disregarded and ubuntu can be conceivable on account of the people in the gathering who aggregately pull their endeavors towards the achievement of set authoritative objectives. This way of thinking can be bridled in the country building process and in the working environment. By increasing a full and profound comprehension of the social and philosophical premise of the individuals in a business group or network, one is better situated to saddle their energies (Boon, 2006). One can synergise the tasks of an association towards a common vision and understand relationship through the appropriation of the ubuntu reasoning in overseeing business. Without a profound social comprehension, it might be hard to arrange the endeavors of the individuals towards the achievement of the set objectives. Overseeing assorted variety Africa is involved individuals from various social foundations and these individuals are frequently interesting and not quite the same as the others. The social decent variety idea of (HR) places such that the pioneers must rise up out of the working environment to persuade and coordinate workforce towards the accomplishment of the set objectives (Grobler et al 2006). Overseeing decent variety in the work environment has become a significant piece of HRM. Each individual is interesting and yet we share regular attributes with others. Along these lines, decent variety in the working environment implies perceiving in a constructive manner that gatherings of individuals share regular attributes and others have various qualities (Kleynhans et al 2007). Subsequently, the HR proficient has an obligation help the association to agree or oblige the enactment that forestalls out of line practices or segregation in view of these contrasts between individuals. The idea of ubuntu proves to be useful to take care of issues prone to be identified with overseeing assorted variety at the working environment. Overseeing diversi

Radiology and X-ray Technician Schools free essay sample

The field of radiologic (x-beam) innovation offers an amazing vocation alternative to those keen on the united wellbeing field. A x-beam specialist, or radiologic technologist, is the individual liable for performing indicative x-beam strategies in medical clinics, doctor workplaces, and outpatient imaging focuses. The preparation time frame for a x-beam technologist is normally 2-4 years in an authorize school or emergency clinic based radiologic innovation program. Preparing will be part between homeroom guidance and hands on clinical preparing in a social insurance setting. The x-beam understudy will acquire an exhaustive working information on radiographic material science and life structures, radiation wellbeing, appropriate patient situating and strategy, quality control, and darkroom abilities. Moreover, the understudy will get guidance in disease control, sterile strategy, body mechanics, and patient security. The effective understudy will likewise have great relational abilities and exhibit a capacity to rapidly adjust to various circumstances. On fruition of preparing, the x-beam technologist will be qualified to take a national library assessment controlled by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists. This is a thorough assessment which will address a considerable lot of the abilities expected of the x-beam technologist. Effectively breezing through the library assessment will permit the understudy to add the assignment RT to their name to connote that they are credentialed as an enrolled radiologic technologist. Numerous states will likewise require a state licensure for radiologic technologists. The prerequisites for state licensure and proceeding with instruction will shift from state to state, anyway licensure is commonly fundamental for work in states that require it. The work possibilities for radiologic technologists will in general stay solid because of the social insurance needs of our maturing populace. While most x-beam specialists are utilized by emergency clinics, a critical number are utilized by unattached imaging communities and outpatient centers. Others may discover work in private doctor workplaces, for example, orthopedic or urologic rehearses, convenient x-beam administrations, or in deals support. The x-beam expert has various open doors for headway by getting capability in specific indicative imaging zones. Among them are MRI, Cat Scan, Mammography, and interventional radiology. These fields require specific preparing that might be obtained through hands on preparing or extra school or exchange school based projects. The professional will be qualified to take an extra library assessment for the claims to fame recorded over that will distinguish them as capable around there. As a rule the more fortes a x-beam technologist can exhibit capability in, the more prominent the work choices are. Top Schools. Snap interfaces underneath to demand free information: . Utilize the state XRay program joins old a particular permit that demonstrates they have been appropriately prepared. The states that permit unlicensed Central Florida Institute offers as a Medical Assistant practicing as a X-Ray Technician. CFI has Medical Assistant Training Programs situated in X-Ray School Training X-Ray Medical Technicians in Denver, Colorado Kansas City, Missouri Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Jacksonville, Florida Ft Myers, Find the profession preparing you have to assist you with turning into a X-beam Technician. About Xray schools. specialist preparing necessities and confirmation. Discover x-beam professional schools close to you that offer the coming down you have to succeed. X-beam schools give the understudies both study hall experience and X-beam experts take and procedure x-beam films and are frequently utilized in emergency clinic settings, yet additionally work in specialist s workplaces, indicative research facilities and People looking for Basic X-Ray Technician Certificate: Program Overview found the accompanying assets, articles, connections, and data accommodating. Advance your profession in medicinal services via looking for X-Ray Technician Schools and locate the ideal fit for you. X-beam technologists by and large have more training and pouring than a x-beam professional and may have administrative obligations also. Discover Medical Technician Programs accessible at Ray. Get clinical professional preparing. To get the most perfect expert preparing, it is indispensable that you go to a certify beam school. Be that as it may, getting professional X-Ray Technician Training Programs and Colleges. As a X-Ray Technician you will have the chance to consider the life systems, physiology and It s imperative to move toward your x-beam specialist preparing in the right way. Our x-beam preparing FAQ gives you how. Audit it now for complete nswers Clinical preparing is additionally a segment of a radiology course of study. X-beam expert schools likewise give preparing in working complex hardware and the As indicative innovation progresses, so do Jobs for x-beam specialists, sonographers and the sky is the limit from there. Here s how to land one. Discover top certify online x-beam expert schools and preparing programs. X-Ray Technician courses, degrees, and more Find x-beam professional schools and x-beam preparing programs at Career Explorer. X-Ray Schools Near You: Careers in emergency clinics, facilities, labs, All Allied Health Schools-Your Guide to Allied Health Care Career Training. Jul 31, 2007 Are you intrigued by x-beam innovation? X-beam expert school courses may be an extraordinary route for you to help your vocation! Expert doing a mammogram X-beam professional preparing plans people to become x-beam specialists in medical clinics, specialist s workplaces, and care focuses. Radiography Schools Radiology Training Programs Diploma in Medical Assisting with X-Ray (Limited Scope) and EKG Diploma in Medical Find X-Ray Technician XRay Schools Accredited Radiology Degree Programs. Dec 13, 2007 Free Online Library: One Year X-Ray Technician Training by Computers and Internet ommunity What is the best preparing for turning into a tech? What sorts of continuous preparing or confirmations are important to be a successful beam. Discover X-Ray Technician and Technologist schools, universities and programs, and find out about the energizing field of Radiologic Technology with compensation figures, X-Ray Technician Schools. X-beam specialist preparing sets you up for a significant job that guides in the discovery and determination of wounds and ailments. Figure out how to be a xray specialist, radiologist or radiographer. Get your free data on radiologist or radiographer preparing programs from the ist of projects to turn into a radiographer can be taken at X-beam professional schools, 2008 Becoming an expert can extend Employment opportunity security and an energizing pay. Get familiar with the preparation, pay, and Job standpoint of a x Dec 17, 2009 CT examines produce a generous measure of cross-sectional beams of a With experience and extra preparing, staff technologists may Students who looked for x-beam school found the accompanying data important and valuable. Dec 1, 2009 when all is said in done, vocation choices for new radiology specialists incorporate medical clinic settings, doctor s private ractice, nursing care offices, X-beam Technician College Radiography School Radiography Technologist Program Outline: General Education courses are recorded in italics.

Reinhard Heydrich A Brief Biography essays

Reinhard Heydrich A Brief Biography expositions Reinhard Heydrich: A Brief Biography Reinhard Heydrich was a self-propelled man with an amazing assurance to prevail at all that he did. He was a cool controller with no regard for human lives who was the main organizer of Hitlers Final Solution where the Nazis needed to dispose of each Jew in Europe. Heydrich was conceived in the German city of Halle in 1904. Heydrich was prodded through practically a mind-blowing entirety making him be pulled back and miserable as a kid, yet at the same time continually encapsulating a solid will. Heydrich was constantly attracted to military kind associations and when he was of lawful age, 18, he joined the German Navy. With his assurance to succeed Heydrich rose rapidly through the positions however was kicked out after a sex outrage and it was then that Heydrich joined the Nazi party. In view of his inconceivable will to succeed, Heydrich immediately rose through the positions in the Nazi party also however bogus gossipy tidbits about his Jewish lineage halted him quickly. Heydrich loved working in the background; he was behind a significant part of the secret activities and he was likewise behind the fall of a large number of his adversaries inside the Nazi party. Through his control and arranging Heydrich before long got one of the top men in the Nazi party and was at last delegated the Protector of Czechoslovakia. Two of the main things he did there was to set up a Jewish ghetto and bring the opposition development down as well as could be expected. Heydrich was at this point extremely certain and to show that he was sure and not scared of the obstruction he drove around in an open vehicle without a military escort. Unexpectedly, this is the thing that brough Heydrichs life to an end since it was during one of his outings that he was assaulted by Free Czech specialists. They took shots at him and afterward tossed a bomb, however Heydrich didn't kick the bucket quickly rather he ceased to exist blood harming from the shrapnel from the bomb. As vengeance, th e Nazis murdered over a thousand a suspects and absolutely demolis... <!

King Lear Essays (741 words) - King Lear, Cordelia, Fool, Lear

Lord Lear Lord lear Assignment English OAC Shakespeare's catastrophe King Lear is a point by point depiction of the results of limited's choices. This imaginary man is Lear, King of England, who's choices enormously adjust his life and the lives of people around him. As Lear bears the status of King he is, as one anticipates, a man of extraordinary force however shamefully he gives up the entirety of this capacity to his girls as a compensation for their exhibit of affection towards him. This awkward resignation of his honored position brings about a chain response of occasions that send him through an excursion of damnation. Lord Lear is a figurative portrayal of one man's excursion through a lot of hardship so as to appease his transgression. As the play opens one can very quickly observe that Lear starts to commit errors that will in the long run bring about his destruction. The absolute first words that he expresses in the play are :- ...Give me the guide there. Realize that we have isolated In three our realm, and 'tis our quick goal To shake all considerations and business from our age, Presenting them on more youthful qualities while we Unburdened slither to death... (Act I, Sc I, Ln 38-41) This gives the peruser the principal sign of Lear's aim to abandon his royal position. He goes on further to offer bits of his realm to his little girls as a type of remuneration to his trial of affection. Incredible adversaries in our most youthful little girl's adoration, Long in our court have made their passionate stay, What's more, here are to be replied. Let me know, my little girls (Since now we will strip us both of rule, Enthusiasm of domain, cares of state), Which of you will we say doth love us most? That we our biggest abundance may broaden where nature doth with merit challenge. (Act I, Sc I, Ln 47-53) This is the first and generally critical of the numerous wrongdoings that he makes in this play. By abandoning his royal position to fuel his sense of self he is upsets the extraordinary chain of being which expresses that the King must not challenge the position that God has given him. This sabotaging of God's power brings about turmoil that destroys Lear's reality. Leaving him, at long last, with nothing. Following this Lear starts to exile people around him that truly care for him as at this stage he can't see past the cover that the insidiousness wear. He exiles Kent, a steadfast hireling to Lear, and his most youthful also, already most adored little girl Cordelia. This outcomes in Lear encircle himself with individuals who just wish to utilize him which leaves him truly powerless assault. This is unequivocally what occurs what's more, it is through this that he finds his wrongs and revises them. Following the submitting of his transgressions, Lear gets surrendered what's more, alienated from his realm which makes him free his mental stability. While lost in his sorrow and self centeredness the numb-skull is acquainted with direct Lear back to the normal world and to help discover the lear that was ounce lost behind a hundred Knights yet now is out in the open what's more, terrified like a little youngster. The way that Lear has now been pushed out from behind his Knights is drastically spoken to by him really being out on the gardens of his palace. The startled little kid that is currently unsheltered is drastically depicted by Lear's unexpected craziness and his fury and outrage is seen through the booming climate that is being experienced. The entirety of this adds to the enduring of Lear because of the gross sins that he has submitted. The zenith of this hellfire that is experienced be Lear all together to reimburse his transgressions is toward the finish of the play when Cordelia is slaughtered. Lear says this before he himself kicks the bucket as he can't live without his little girl. Wail, yell, cry! O, you are men of stones. Had I your tongues and eyes, I'd use them so That paradise's vault should break. She's gone for ever! I know when one is dead, and when one lives. She's dead as earth. Loan me a mirror. In the event that that her breath will fog or stain the stone, Why, at that point she lives. (Act V, Sc iii, Ln 306-312) The entirety of this agony that Lear endured is followed back to the single most significant blunder that he made. The decision to surrender his position of authority. This one sin has demonstrated to have huge repercussions upon Lear and the lives of everyone around him in the long run executing practically those who were included. What's more, one is left to inquire one's self on the off chance that a solitary wrong turn can do this to Lear, at that point what troublesome corner lies

Naval Involvement in the Spanish-American War - Free Essay Example

In 1823, President James Monroe gave an address to Congress effectively establishing the United States presence in the Western Hemisphere and forbidding European colonization throughout the Western Hemisphere. Seventy-five years later, Spain occupied Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Spanish East Indies, an island chain including modern-day Philippines. As expected, they were met with firm resistance from both the United States and Cuba. Up through the 1890s, Cuba had led numerous unsuccessful rebellions against the Spanish govern. After the explosion of a United States naval ship, the U.S.S. Maine, and the expressed interests of Cubans and Filipinos, President William McKinley had few alternatives to following the peoples call for war on Spain. The explosion of the U.S.S. Maine was an instrumental part to the beginning of the war and it helped contribute to the call for war by the American people through inflammatory journalism and patriotic conclusions. The declaration of war on Spain by the U.S. was also intriguing because of the unwillingness of President McKinley to support the declaration, but it also succeeded the Teller Amendment, a promise not to annex Cuba. Finally, The Battle of Santiago Bay was a prominent battle in the war and a resounding American victory. The Spanish-American war established a strong U.S. presence in the Western Hemisphere, as well as asserting the U.S. once more as a global power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The battleship U.S.S. Maine was one of the older battleships in the United States Navy when it was sent to protect Americans in Cuba. It was stationed in Havana Harbor when it exploded, killing two-thirds of the crew, which was nearly 260 men. About 75 men were identified in the terrible incident, and as expected provocative journalism initiated a resonating desire for war on the enemy who was controlling Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The Maine weighed over 6,000 tons and cost over $2 million. After the explosion, the U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry decided that The Maine was blown up by a mine in Havana Harbor, convincing Americans that the Spanish were behind the explosion. With few alternatives, President McKinley started looking towards war. He and the government faced great pressure and criticism from the press and the people now that every eye was on their next move on the Spanish. Many years after the incident, in 1976, American investi gators found that The Maine was likely obliterated by a fire in the ammunition storage, as many skeptics during the time leading up to the war believed. The explosion of The Maine was not only a disastrous event, but it contributed to the call for war from the citizens of the U.S.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Succeeding the explosion of The Maine was the declaration of War on Spain. McKinley, finally submitting to the peoples cry for war against Spain asked Congress to declare war and Congress agreed on April 25, 1898. Six days before, on April 19, the Senate passed the Teller Amendment, which was presented by Henry M. Teller as an amendment to the declaration of war. It stated the United States would not retain permanent control of Cuba after Spain left the island. The U.S. presence remained in Cuba until 1902, only for the purpose of reconstruction and protection from other empires while it was still vulnerable from the Spanish rule. Cuba then became its own independent country in 1902. The first fighting after the declaration was when Commodore George Dewey arrived in Manila Bay of the Philippines. Commodore Dewey was in charge of the U.S. Asiatic Squadron and was ordered to attack the Spanish Fleet in the water around the Philippines. The newer U.S. fleet struck the older Spanish fleet at around 5:00 in the morning, when Commodore Dewey gave the You May Fire When Ready, Gridley: The U.S.S. Olympia, Commodore Deweys flagship which he led the U.S. fleet on in the Battle of Manila Bay in the Philippines. This picture, taken in 2007, is of the Olympia at the Independence Seaport Museum in Philadelphia. famous orders, You may fire when ready, Gridley. within a few hours of fighting, the whole Spanish fleet was decimated. This marked the first fighting in the war, and it later became known as the Battle of Manila Bay. The first fighting in Cuba came when Teddy Roosevelt, under General William Shafter and his army, led the 1st Volunteer Cavalry to an attack on the city of Santiago in an endeavor to force the Spanish-Caribbean fleet out of Santiago bay. Teddy Roosevelt accustomed the people to hearing his name when he charged up San Juan Hill, leading his volunteer cavalry to a victory in this very brief war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the charge on San Juan Hill, the Spanish fleet in the Caribbean was forced to evacuate Santiago Bay because of the possibility of an attack from inland, but they were met and decimated by the U.S. naval forces, specifically the Flying Squadron, a group of ships made up of the U.S.S. Texas and Massachusetts, cruisers Brooklyn, Columbia, and Minneapolis and several other auxiliary cruisers. The Flying Squadron was led by Commodore Williams Schley. The Spanish-Caribbean fleet, led by Pascual Cervera attempted to escape to the westward side of the island but was met by Schley and the Flying Squadron. This effort by the U.S. was an outright victory by the U.S. and it started to bring this very brief war to a close. On July 17, 1898, just 14 The U.S.S. Brooklyn: This image is of the U.S.S. Brooklyn at the New York Navy Yard. The Brooklyn was part of the Flying Squadron which attacked the Spanish-Caribbean fleet in the Battle of Santiago Bay. The picture was taken in 1898 by Robert Enrique Muller. days after the Battle of Santiago Bay and less than four months after the U.S. declaration of war, Santiago surrendered to the U.S. Then, on December 10, the Treaty of Paris was signed where the United States paid $20 million to Spain for them to drop all influence and ownership of the Philippines, Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico. This is one of the most important treaties in American history because it forced European powers out of the Western hemisphere and the U.S. gained many territories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, the Spanish-American war was a brief, yet important war in American history. President McKinley found himself with few, if no alternatives to declaring war on Spain after the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor. General William Shafter and Teddy Roosevelt led an attack on Santiago Cuba, and the Spanish-Caribbean fleet was decimated after Commodore George Dewey led his ships on Manila Bay, Philippines and destroyed the unexpecting Spanish fleet. After the Treaty of Paris, the United States occupied Cuba until 1902 to assure it was not at risk of being conquered again. As stated in the Teller Amendment, the U.S. left Cuba to become their own nation. The Philippines were inhabited by the U.S. until 1946, but the first few years were bloody and rough. The Filipino Insurrection (1899-1902) was a period of time after the Treaty of Paris where many of the Filipino guerilla fighters killed Americans in the Philippines. The Philippines ea rned its full independence in 1946. Puerto Rico and Guam remain U.S. territories today. The effects of the Spanish-American war still remain today when spanish influence in culture and architecture is exemplified in the territories ceded to the United States, or when there is power struggles in Cuba or disputes. After the Spanish-American war the U.S. confirmed its title as the most powerful nation in the Western hemisphere and showcased its imperialistic aspect.

“I said I’d carry him, if it broke my back… and I will” An Analysis of the Development of Frodo and Sam’s Relationship in J. R. R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings Trilogy - Literature Essay Samples

In the Lord of the Rings trilogy, author J. R. R. Tolkien creates a relationship between Frodo and Sam that people struggle to define in modern parlance because of its depth and complexity. Neither lovers nor merely friends, the essence of Frodo and Sam’s relationship cannot be captured by contemporary words because they oversimplify the nature of the relationship. At the beginning, their relationship is reciprocal as both Frodo and Sam benefit from one another, however their reciprocity develops into codependence throughout the course of the novel. At the conclusion, Frodo and Sam’s relationship evolves into an altruistic one in which they are able to let each other go at a cost to themselves because they want to benefit the other. There is no contemporary all-encompassing definition for Sam and Frodo’s relationship because it is not one sole thing as it evolves over time and eventually reaches the pinnacle of Agape, demonstrating that their love for each other is true. The suggestion that Frodo and Sam are actually homosexual lovers is a common conjecture about the characters’ relationship in today’s popular culture as a result of â€Å"the enormous outpouring of fan fiction† after the Peter Jackson film adaptations (Smol 949). Many people began to write alternate origins and endings of Sam and Frodo’s relationship, â€Å"the majority [of which] incorporate a sexual element as an expression of a strong, romantic love between the two males† (Smol 970). Frodo and Sam exhibit â€Å"an intimacy that includes emotional attachment and gestures of physical tenderness† (Smol 955). Suggesting that Frodo and Sam are homosexual simplifies the depth and complexity of their relationship. Sam and Frodo share â€Å"a love beyond that of a traditional male friendship† and â€Å"raise questions about the role of male friendships† that people are unfamiliar with in todays society because of homophobia (Madill p ar. 12; 14). â€Å"Homophobia is a strategy to police and regulate masculinity for males† and so the phobic language that exists today is insufficient in describing the male intimacy present in Lord of the Rings (Madill par. 11). The fan fiction about Frodo and Sam’s homosexual relationship proves that there is an intensity between the two male characters, however contemporary culture struggles to discuss strong emotional bonds between men. The response of the fans with this fiction shows the need for a more nuanced description of their relationship. Frodo and Sam’s relationship at the beginning of the narrative is reciprocal as both Sam and Frodo benefit from one another at no personal cost to themselves. Sam Gamgee works for Bilbo and Frodo Baggins and tends to their garden. Sam is a curious hobbit who â€Å"has more on his mind than gardening† and dreams of the world outside of the Shire filled with Elves and Tree-men (Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring 60). Sam’s only resources to learn more about legends and tales are Bilbo and Frodo, and Sam â€Å"listens because [he] can’t help [himself]†¦ he love[s] tales of that sort†¦ and believe[s] them too (Tolkien, FR 84). While the other hobbits dismiss Frodo and Bilbo as being â€Å"cracked,† Sam’s longing for knowledge about the world outside the Shire strengthens (Tolkien, FR 60). He is unlike the traditionally happily ignorant hobbit and Frodo’s stories provide him with the knowledge he craves. When Sam is invited to g o away with Frodo, he â€Å"spring[s] up like a dog invited for a walk† and â€Å"burst[s] into tears† (Tolkien, FR 85). He acquires knowledge and experience from Frodo, which is something he cannot get from anybody else in the Shire. He is elated to discover that he, too, will get to travel with Frodo and see all of the legends he believes in. In his own way, Frodo benefits from having Sam accompany him on the journey. At first, Frodo is terrified of the journey that lies before him, crying that he is â€Å"not made for perilous quests†¦ wish[ing] [he] had never seen the Ring!† (Tolkien, FR 81). He fears the quest bestowed upon him and as he speaks to Sam he â€Å"realize[s] that fleeing from the Shire [will] mean more painful partings than merely saying farewell to the familiar comforts of Bag End† (Tolkien, FR 84). Frodo’s pain at the idea of leaving home suggests the comfort and safety both Bag End and Sam provide for him. It would be very tough for Frodo to leave the Shire on his own and conquer the quest by himself. Sam is a necessary element of Frodo’s journey as he provides Frodo with someone he â€Å"can trust, and who [is] willing to go by [his] side — and that [Frodo is] willing to take into unknown perils† (Tolkien, FR 83). Sam follows through with all of these requ irements and proves to be the most loyal and daring companion Frodo could have on the quest. Sam and Frodo’s reciprocal relationship at the beginning of the quest is beneficial to both of them without either character having to sacrifice anything, but it does not stay at this point of reciprocity for long. The transformation of their relationship along the journey complicates the nature of Sam and Frodo’s relationship as the pair become increasingly codependent. At the end of The Fellowship of the Ring, Frodo decides to continue the quest on his own because he sees the dangers of war that lie ahead of the Company. However just as he is about to leave, Sam stops him and is appalled that Frodo would continue â€Å"all alone†¦without [Sam] to help [him]† (Tolkien, FR 534). Sam cries out: â€Å"I couldn’t have borne it, it’d have been the death of me,† demonstrating Sam’s dependency on Frodo and his need to serve him (Tolkien, FR 534). Sam’s insistence that he would die if Frodo left him behind shows his dependency on Frodo and his need to stay with him. Sam needs to go with Frodo on the quest because they depend on one another. Their relationship is no longer just reciprocal, but rather intensifies to a codependency. Later on, Frodo co llapses under the weight of the ring on the way up Mount Doom and even though Sam knows the road is dangerous and â€Å"would dearly like to see Bywater again, and Rosie Cotton and her brothers, and the Gaffer and Marigold and all† he still insists that he â€Å"said [he’d] carry [Frodo] if it [breaks his] back†¦and [he] will!† (Tolkien, Return of the King 225; 233). Frodo heavily relies on Sam for survival and the success of the quest. Sam helps complete the task of the Ring-bearer and Frodo would likely die if not for Sam’s help when climbing Mount Doom. When compared with the early stage of their relationship on the quest when it was just beneficial to have one another, the relationship is now necessary for both characters. The nature of their relationship evolves as they depend on each other more and more. At the end of the series Frodo and Sam’s relationship becomes even more intense as it transforms into an altruistic relationship. After their return to the Shire and the scouring of the Shire, one would expect Sam and Frodo to live happily ever after in a blissful friendship, however â€Å"Tolkien is much too honest to end with such a pious fiction† (Auden 98). Over the course of the quest Frodo is â€Å"wounded with [a] knife, sting, and tooth, and a long burden,† and â€Å"though [he] may come to the Shire, it will not seem the same; for [he] shall not be the same† (Tolkien, RK 290). Frodo endures the most physical and mental pain on the quest and returns to the Shire as a completely different hobbit who is unable to reintegrate into society. Sam transforms into a leader with great potential and the knowledge he longed for and more before they left for the quest. Sam is capable of reintegrating into society and settles down to start a new life, however, â€Å"Frodos presence is an unsettling reminder of the disruptive force of war that hampers Sams full return to ordinary life† (Smol 967). Frodo knows that he is â€Å"wounded† and that â€Å"it will never really heal† but that Sam is â€Å"meant to be solid and whole, and [he] will be† (Tolkien, RK 333; 335). As hard as Frodo tries to heal in the Shire by living with Sam and his wife Rosie, he knows he cannot heal here and that Sam is â€Å"torn in two† between his year away with Frodo and his new life in the Shire (Tolkien, RK 337). Frodo decides to depart for the Havens and leave Sam as the heir to everything he has. Frodo does not ask Sam to come with him, even though he can as a Ring-bearer, because he knows Sam will be â€Å"as happy as anyone can be† staying in the Shire with his family in Bag End (Tolkien, RK 338). Leaving Sam behind and giving him everything he owned is an entirely selfless act as Frodo could have easily asked Sam t o come with him. However, Frodo wants what is truly best for Sam, demonstrating an ultimately altruistic love. He sacrifices his desire to keep Sam in his life because he loves him so truly. Similarly, Sam understands that Frodo no longer belongs in the Shire and as much as it pains him to see Frodo leave as â€Å"tears started in his eyes,† he returns to his family and acknowledges his spiritual wholeness and return to the Shire, holding his child and saying â€Å"‘Well, I’m back’† (Tolkien, RK 337; 340). The development of the relationship is illustrated by Sam’s tears. As mentioned earlier, at the beginning of the quest Sam bursts into tears because he is so happy he will get to leave the Shire to see all the legends he hears about. In this instance, his tears are out of happiness for himself and the benefit he derives from his relationship with Frodo, demonstrating their originally reciprocal bond. As Frodo leaves, however, Sam’s tears are not for himself but rather for Frodo and the loss of his friend. The difference of the feelings behind the tears at the beginning of the novel and at the end show the development of t heir relationship from a reciprocal one to an altruistic one. Sam sacrifices his relationship with Frodo and understands why he must leave. As much as Sam wants Frodo to stay in the Shire, he lets him go because he knows it is what will heal Frodo. Both Sam and Frodo endure a major loss by parting ways, but by letting each other go they know they are benefiting one another, demonstrating Agape love. Agape is neither erotic or brotherly, but a description of a self-sacrificial love with the purpose of benefitting another. By the end of the novel, Frodo and Sam reach the epitome of Agape when they let each other go selflessly for the benefit of the other. Frodo and Sam develop a deep and complex relationship over the course of the novel that evolves so intensely that it cannot be defined by just one word. While the relationship they share begins reciprocal, it quickly intensifies into a codependency where the two need each other to survive. Their self-sacrifice at the conclusion in order for the other to heal exhibits Agape and demonstrates the depth and complexity of their relationship. This type of close male intimacy is foreign to people in contemporary society because of the insufficiency and phobic nature of today’s language, and therefore no single modern word is able to accurately capture the true essence of Frodo and Sam’s relationship. Tolkien creates a complex relationship that is too nuanced to be described by one word. The evolvement of Frodo and Sam’s relationship, eventually reaching a peak of Agape, the highest form of love, cannot be described by any single word because it is not just one thing â⠂¬â€ it is deep and complex as true love often is.

The History and Public Opinion of Capital Punishment Essay

The History and Public Opinion of Capital Punishment The history of the death penalty goes back to the earliest civilizations where it was used to punish all sorts of crimes from robbery, to murder, to different forms of heresy. In the United States it evolved to just punish murder, treason, and some cases of rape. It has been an issue that has sparked a never ending debate that goes back to colonial times. The general public traditionally supported the death penalty in a majority with only a few politicians speaking out against it (i.e., Benjamin Rush, Ben Franklin and later on Horace Greeley). Once the U.S. gained independence, each state went back and forth in abolishing and reinstating the death penalty and methods of†¦show more content†¦Some dissenters claimed that people who were ethically opposed to the death penalty were biased because they would never vote to give the death penalty to people who deserved it. Some historians say that this marked the first time that the supreme court was persuaded by public opinion aga inst capital punishment. The following statement was made by Justice Potter Stewart who spoke for the majority, â€Å"In a nation less than half of whose people believe in the death penalty, a jury composed exclusively of such people cannot speak for the community†¦In its quest for a jury capable of imposing the death penalty, the State produced a jury uncommonly willing to condemn a man to die† (Gottfried:60). Scholars and lawyers also thought this would be the end of capital punishment for good because the courts’ willingness to accept people who fundamentally opposed the death penalty, but this turned out not to be true because of details in the decision that allowed courts and legislatures to work around it. The 1972 case of Furman v Georgia was seen as a complete victory for abolitionists at the time, but proved to be more complicated than it appeared. It said that the death penalty, as it was administered, violated the Eighth Amendments because it was cruel and unusual punishment and violated the Fourteenth Amendment because it did not guarantee equal protection under the law (Costanzo:18). TheShow MoreRelatedBureau Of Justice Statistics : The United States Primary Source For Criminal Justice1439 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). U.S. Department of Justice. 25 Nov. 2014. Web. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. Bureau of Justice Statistics is the United States primary source for criminal justice statistics. The website has published information on crime, criminal offenders, victims of crime, and the operation of justice systems at all levels of government. According to Bureau of Justice Statistics, â€Å"The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is a component of the OfficeRead MoreCapital Punishment and the Media1249 Words   |  5 PagesCapital Punishment and the Media Xavier Mendez Professor Collica JUS110 September 12, 2011 Capital Punishment and the Media In today’s society, the capital punishment known as the death penalty has played a major role in the criminal justice system. It has brought important debates to the national attention in every aspect to whether end the lives of criminals. With the intense media coverage, it raised high standards on disputes on high profile cases such as serial killers. The attentionRead MoreAn Examination of Capital Punishment Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment also known as the death penalty is when a person who has been convicted by the court of law can be sentenced to death. 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Capital Punishment is where a person is executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Eliminated1679 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the history of humanity, punishments have been in place for the wrongful acts of citizens within governmental systems of all kinds. In America during the early days of the country, the death penalty was a more viable solution than it appears today due to the quality of the prisons, which couldn’t sustain prisoners long-term. (Von Drehle, 2015). 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Throughout history people have been put to death for various forms of wrongdoing. Methods of execution have included such practices as crucifixion, stoning, drowning, burning at the stake, impaling, and beheading. Today capital punishment is typically accomplished by lethal gas or injection, electrocution, hanging, or shooting. The deathRead MoreEssay on Capital Punishment783 Words   |  4 Pagesit comes to society today. The crime rates are not being evaluated enough, the country is in recession, and many families are desperate for any form of income. In order to maintain a healthy and safe environment for the following generations capital punishment should be mandatory for every state. 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Multiple publications that examine capital punishment will be analyzedRead MoreCapital Punishment And Its Economic, Political, And Social Impact On The United States Of America1739 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Capital punishment, also frequently referred to as the  death penalty, is a government certified practice where a person is put to death by the state as a form of punishment for a crime they have committed (Henderson, 25). Crimes that are found punishable by death are referred to as  capital crimes  or  capital offences, and commonly include offences such as murder, treason, war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide (Henderson, 48-9). The term  capital  is derived from the  Latin term

The Effect Censorship has on Art Essay examples - 943 Words

Though out history artist have rejected any forms of censorship. Governments have had to enforce censorship laws for the sake of public safety. As well, as to maintain control of society and to uphold the moral and ethical values that the populous demands. Whether you are for or against censorship in art, it serves a useful purpose in moderation, but it can be taken to extremes. Whether it’s a fascist government or a extremist religious organization it is easy for a controversial law to be twisted in order to grab and maintain absolute power over the masses. We as a people need structure and laws but we need our freedom to express ourselves. Lean one way or the other too far and society can potentially fall apart. The Effect†¦show more content†¦In the quest for marketability, some artists have pushed the bounds of acceptability. Throughout time, there have been many dark periods that censorship has plagued the artistic freedom of the artist. According to Herbert Mitgang(1993, p. 1.11) One such period was during WWII when the Nazi Censors ceased artwork, books, and sculptures deemed racially inferior. Nazis imprisoned or executed artist they found to be in conflict with the Third Reich. The persecution artists have endured for expressing themselves in a manner that has not agreed with a power in charge has been brutal at times. From Fascist Governments to extreme religious leaders imposing there own beliefs, artist have had a â€Å"bull’s-eye† painted on their backs. When religion and art mix, it can be beautiful and inspiring. In contrast, if the artist is not of a religious faith and depicts their art in a fashion contrary to the beliefs of a particular religion, then that artist may make a very powerful enemy. Religious fundamentalism may have had the greatest impact on art censorship. Christian values and freedom of expression often collide. From early religious beginnings to present, religious organization and leaders have had conflicts with artistic freedoms of expression. To quote The Encyclopaedia of the Renaissance(Counter-Reformation, 1987) for an example,â€Å"Since Protestant ideas and Catholic spiritualist notions (understood to theirShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Censorship1590 Words   |  7 PagesCensorship can be beneficial in some aspects but if used improperly it can also be harmful. Censorship is the control of what people may say or hear, write or read, or see or do. Censorship can affect all forms of art, music, spee ch, and expression. It can be seen as a means of suppressing free speech, especially in the case of musical lyrics and the impact music has on behaviors. According to Richard Taruskin, â€Å"It is all but irresistible kinesthetic response that music evokes that makes it suchRead MoreThe Perception Of Beauty Is Subjective And Dependent On The Viewer1645 Words   |  7 Pagesthings are appealing to one, another will most likely have an alternative perspective. Artwork is all about the expression of ideas, the meaning behind why the ideas are expressed a particular way, and the impact the piece has on the viewer’s emotions. The point of censorship is to monitor what information or ideas are being exerted in order to remove harmful or sensitive content from being viewed. However, by removing content, discussion and the expression of ideas are also being removed. This putsRead MoreThe Censorship Of The Arts1173 Words   |  5 Pages Censorship In the Arts Innocence, purity, youth — qualities that society strives to protect. In order to safeguard these sanctities, society often employs censorship to combat vileness. Vileness embedded within the arts. Art has no limits, no boundaries, no rules. Art is undefinable. Therefore, art is easily considered to be the nesting grounds for defilement. Censorship is currently the preferred tool to cleanse this impurity. Censorship is â€Å"the suppression of words, images, or ideas that areRead MoreCensorship Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Censorship Censorship is a highly controversial topic regarding the arts, controlling the freedom of expression of artists to convey what is deemed acceptable within society. Ai Weiwei falls victim under the power of the regime and the influence of censorship guidelines within China, limiting the display of his art due to the important messages he raises. Andres Serrano has experienced attempted censorship on his provocative image, Piss Christ, and has been attacked for producing offensive art.Read MoreEssay on Is Censorship Justified?1174 Words   |  5 PagesIs Censorship Justified? Ever wondered the reason behind racial discrimination, sexual discrimination, children committing crime or violence? The main reason is that censorship is not properly imposed or there is a need of censorship in the society. Censorship is the suppression of ideas and information that certain people, individual, groups or government officials find it objectionable, offensive or dangerous on others. There are varieties of other definitions but all have in common the conceptRead MorePosition Paper: Censorship1391 Words   |  6 Pages Every structured society has suffered from some form of censorship of literature, art, or entertainment. Plato, the famous the famous Greek philosopher, was the first to record a method of censorship in a democratic society. In his Republic one of the first guidelines Plato designates is that The first thing will be to establish a censorship of the writers of fiction, and let the censors receive any tale of fiction which is good, and reject the bad; and we will desire mothers and nurses to tellRead MoreCensorship of Music: Limiting One’s Rights Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesMusic has been under scrutiny on behalf of censorship for decades. Censorship is defined as an authorization to examine material and to remove or suppress what is considered morally, politically, or otherwise objectionable. Lyrics are essential to nearly everything in music; its poems, ballads, monologues, etc. They may take the form of actual spoken or sung sounds or of written words, as literature does. Without the musical component, you’re left with literature and words; this leavesRead MoreCensorship Is Not Freedom, Morality, And Safety Of The People1549 Words   |  7 PagesWhen you think of the word, â€Å"censorship†, what do you think of? Secrecy? Morality? Oppression? Liberals often see censorship as a limit set by the government. A limit to suppress the capabilities of the human race. A limit that keeps a country’s citizens intact. A limit that keeps the people ignorant so that the powerful can stay powerful. But what if I told you that censorship isn’t what the liberals say it is? What if I told you that censorship is the thing that is keeping our country togetherRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511241 Words   |  5 PagesEinstein). In Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451, the novel explores censorships role as a hindrance on individuality, and the severe toll it takes on society’s self-awareness. Academia has widely argued the reason behind Bradbury’s dystopian themed work of art. Most interpretations of the novel suggest the work resembles anti-censorship propaganda. On the other hand, Bradbury himself stated: â€Å"I wasn’t worried about censorship-I was worried about people being turned into morons by TV† (Smolla, TheRead MoreFreedom of Expression is Ensured in India1473 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment can potentially censor anything. No other form of expression has had so many run-ins with these constitutional mandates as cinema. In India the National Cinematograph act (1952) lays down the guidelines to be followed during certification of films. It comes under the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) which in turn comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The censor board has to depend on the police to enforce its rulings. A film certification

The Right to Privacy in the Information Age Essay examples

In a day in the life of Joe, an ordinary American, he drives to the office, owrks at a computer, browses in a shop at lunch time, then picks up some milk and a video on the way home, where a pile of junk mail and bills await him. At every stop alo ng the way, his doings can be watched, monitored, tabulated, and sold. On this typical day, Joe, our ordinary American, does not realize how technology has changed his private life. Joes driving route may be tracked by a sophisticated traffic system. At work, his employer can listen in to his business conversations on the telephone, and tap into his computer, e-mail, or voice-mail. At the shopping center, the secret closed-circuit camera may seek him out personally. The shop is†¦show more content†¦Consumers purchasing items over the Internet dont realize they are giving away more information then they are revealing. And employees have no clue that they are constantly being watched by video surveilla nce and through e-m ail messages. There needs to be some sort of laws or restrictions to help a person maintain medical, workplace, and consumer privacy because todays technology is growing too fast just to be left alone. I feel that privacy is a core v alue in our socieyt, and an issue of great concern that needs to be looked at by people very carefully. In a recent poll, 80% of Americans told pollsters they worry that they have lost all control over their personal information (We 28). But at the same time, they relish in information. People are still willing to fill out warranty cards, questionn aires, and surveys on themselves, and send them to companies where their data becomes public knowledge in the stream of databases. As recently as 1990, the Internet was almost unknown to the general public, being a tool used to assist U.S. military and a cademic research. Then, in 1992, Senator Al Gore, Jr., announced the information superhighway and millions of new users eagerly embraced this new medium. By the end of 1995, the volume of exchanges between these users, who numbered 30 millio n in 1995, surpassed 30 terabytes per month, or enough information to fill 30 million books of 700 pages each (Everett-Green 158). OnceShow MoreRelatedPrivacy Risks in the Digital Age1271 Words   |  6 PagesPrivacy in Digital Age The Risk of Digital Age Indeed, the Digital age has been considered as one of the greatest development of the world today. It has brought different benefits to the lives of people and catered all their needs and wants. As the world gets into crave for things that are â€Å"quick and easy†, the Digital Age had posed threat to people’s privacy and security (Meeks, 2000). The advancement in new technologies and gadgets should not only be considered as something good that came intoRead MorePublic or Private?798 Words   |  3 Pagessociety, people are losing sight of how important privacy truly is. We, as Americans, may seem concerned about our privacy, but this â€Å"concern† does not stop us from acquiring the latest and greatest technology. Designers are building technology with no consideration of the security and privacy of their consumers. People are purchasing these new iPhones with fingerprint recognition and downloading different apps everyday with the thought of privacy and secur ity in the back of their minds. Cell phonesRead MoreShould Privacy Be Privacy? Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesIs it possible to have privacy in this day in age? Is somebody watching every move we make? These questions have been running through my mind ever since I got my iPhone. It’s terrifying to believe that someone could be watching me all the time. Although this isn’t on my mind every second of the day, it is something major to think about. Unfortunately this is an issue that we deal with today. Whenever we expose ourselves to the public, ninety percent of the time we are being watched. I do understandRead MoreA Brief Note On The Problem Of Privacy1385 Words   |  6 PagesApril 24, 2016 English 103 Prof. Goldman Research Paper The problem regarding privacy is one of the foremost discussed topics in today’s society where everyone has an abundant flow of information. Digitalized personal data and record of daily life can be spread through the internet very easily; thus, it made means of protecting that information more important than any time in the past, changing today’s perception about privacy from the past. Furthermore, spread in use of smart phones advanced the internetRead MoreA Breach Of Childrens Online Privacy1715 Words   |  7 Pages A Breach of Children’s Online Privacy: Examining the Fourth Amendment and a Right to Privacy Regarding Mobile Apps Ina Salvaleon Berry College Citation Style: APA â€Æ' A Breach of Children’s Online Privacy: Examining the Fourth Amendment and a Right to Privacy Regarding Mobile Apps Children are more likely to be found on a technological device that can access the Internet than outside being physically active. While in many cases, they are knowledgeable online users, children are stillRead MorePrivacy Is The Freedom From Unauthorized Intrusion Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesas a means of protecting our natural rights, such as speech and privacy, but are we truly protected the government and others? Merriam-Webster dictionary defines privacy as the freedom from unauthorized intrusion. Privacy is one of the earliest forms of noneconomic due process, the idea was proposed by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis in 1890 was presented as a unifying theme for common law protection rights (â€Å"Development of the†). As consumers, we have a right to be left alone under the law, butRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights Of The United States Constitution1501 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction. The Bill of Rights is a historical documents that has the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution. The purpose of the Bill of Rights is for greater constitutional protection for our own individual liberties. It has a list of specific prohibitions on government power. There were only 12 amendments originally for the state legislatures and only picked 10 for all the states and those are known as the Bill of Rights, but there are 27 amendments in total. AmendmentsRead MoreThe Right to Privacy1152 Words   |  5 Pages Personal interest in the right to privacy has intensified in recent years along with the rapid development of new technologies. A century later, these concerns remain, but many others have joined them. Advances in information and communications technology have increased our ability to collect, store and transmit data about individuals. While these advances could be considered useful, some see them as a situation where anyone can watch and record the actions of every individual, and where theRead MoreAdministrative Ethics Paper Hcs/3351052 Words   |  5 Pageschallenging issue of protecting their privacy. One of the biggest areas infringing on a patient’s privacy would be the prescription health information that is being released by pharmacists and the way in which that information is used. Information is given to a wide variety of entities and to individuals, which raises enormous concern about the privacy rights of patients, especially considering the fact that the patient has not given consent for the release of this information. Legislative and judicialRead MoreGeneration X, Popularly Known As â€Å"Millennials† By Americans1484 Words   |  6 Pagesthis generation for seemingly their largest offence yet, something that could well, and truly, effect all of mankind throughout the digital age; internet privacy. Having not lived in a time with any devices to put their private information into, most millennials see the concept of personal privacy while on the internet a non-issue. Non-millennials and privacy experts assert this has allowed large corporations near unrestricted access to profit off our personal likes, and tastes. This could certainly

The Development Of New Zealand - 1627 Words

New Zealand is a country which for the most part is made up of hills and mountains area. These hilly and mountainous natures cover about 18 million hectares in land. This means that about 69% of the country land has slopes greater than 12 °, and got the country to be nicknamed the ‘hill country’. This 69% hilly land is further divided into two based on the sloppiness of the land. The land with slope between 12–28 ° is called ‘hill-land’; thus, the land whose slope exceeds 28 ° is themed ‘steepland’ (DSIR 1980). The diversity in New Zealand’s ‘hill country’ physical regimes creates ranges of slope and altitude, coupled with a extensive latitudinal range, a mid-oceanic setting surrounding the subtropical with cooling moderate climates, and complex geologic and tectonic regimes. As a consequence of this diversity, the productive potential of New Zealand’s’ hill country, and its response to climatic ev ents, created the use of sustainable land us act to be used across the country. Out of these 18 million hectares, 6.3 million hectares in the North Island comprises of majorly soft rock and crushed soft rock terrain (Mclvor, Douglas, Dymond, Eyles and Marden. 2011). About 23% of the 18 million is made up of volcanic ash and loess-mantled terrain comprises largely on the periphery of the Central Volcanic Zone. Also, 14.5% of the available land is Hard rock hill country, which is exclusive of the igneous hard rock is largely strenuous on the margins of the axial ranges. Whereas theShow MoreRelatedMarket Development Report : The New Zealand Essay1935 Words   |  8 Pages1. Introduction Here is my written Market Development report. I have been appointed as the newest sales person to the New Zealand team, to help with achieving that target. I would first like to familiarise myself with the company, and with my new role as I can see Zeacom has set itself the goal to increase its sales in the New Zealand market in the coming financial year by 10 %. This will open up new opportunities to further increase sales by previous years within the current market they are inRead MoreHow New Zealand Wine As A Catalyst For Economic Development Essay2596 Words   |  11 Pagessubmission: April 28, 15 Tuesday Name: Vaibhav Vishen Student ID: L572407 Topic: How New Zealand wine has become a success in global marketplace in such a relatively short time. In the global marketplace, wine has always acted as a catalyst for economic development. New Zealand being responsible for less than 1% of the global production of wines (NZ Wines, 2014), The New Zealand wines came into global attention in 1980’s with its production of one of the best quality wine, SauvignonRead MoreThe Development Of New Zealand Art From The 20th Century2394 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"The development of New Zealand Art from the 20th into the 21st Century† New Zealand is home to various great artists who have crafted and created a platform for current, new and upcoming New Zealand artists. Throughout the 19th Century New Zealand artwork was predominantly based around New Zealand’s scenery, artists during the 20th Century such as Rita Angus demonstrated through her artworks landscapes and sceneries of New Zealand whereas other New Zealand artists such as Gordon Walters incorporatedRead MorePharmaceutical Industry : United Kingdom, Usa Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Introduction: In the world the main hub of pharmaceutical industry are in United Kingdom, USA. New Zealand is far away located from these countries and has a population of 4.4 million and has got less number of pharmaceutical industries. The statistics figure show that there were only two compounds developed during 2001 but due to increased in the government funds from $16.3 million in the year 2000-2001 to $43.1 million in the year 2006-2007 the number increased to 12. The success and profitRead MoreThe Strategic Marketing On New Zealand Merino1466 Words   |  6 Pages We wool if you wool MERINO Introduction The purpose of this paper is to examine on the Strategic Marketing on New Zealand Merino. And to identify their current marketing tactics and the marketing opportunities that can be applied. New Zealand Merino business had encounter numerous challenges before it became a producer of merino fabric with high grade quality and gain a recognize on its brand in local and international market. This achievement of the organization in previous years isRead More The Economic Effects Tourism Has on New Zealand Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Economic Effects Tourism Has on New Zealand The following report provides an accurate and informative overview of the nature of tourism, its history and growth, the structure of the New Zealand industry and the impact of tourism from a New Zealand perspective. The report will draw a conclusion which Highlights area of consideration in tourism planning. Conclusion and Recommendations For New Zealand tourism has a lot to offer but at the same time, care has to be taken not to mistreatRead MoreAir New Zealand Board Of Directors Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesAir New Zealand Board of Directors need to have the skills of top managers, such as leadership, strategic planning and risk management. In addition, they need to establish any negotiating ability is excellent and build relationships with other major airline alliances. b) Staff: Air New Zealand chief executive Christopher Luxon experience from other members of the January 2013 implementation of the team are: †¢ Cam Wallace - Chief Sales Commercial Officer †¢ Rob MacDonald - Chief Financial OfficerRead MoreTourism in New Zealand1430 Words   |  6 PagesTourism In New Zealand Executive Summary The following report provides an accurate and informative overview of the nature of tourism, its history and growth, the structure of the New Zealand industry and the impact of tourism from a New Zealand perspective. The report will draw a conclusion which Highlights area of consideration in tourism planning. 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I will discuss the legislative environment which led to this New Zealand development, the case which finally brought about the acceptance and discuss just how this new tort and susbsequnt decisions will affect the media. Finally I will comment on the direction in which the law appears to be taking privacy in New Zealand. Legislative Background New Zealand has a number of

Organization Behavior - Structure and Processes

Question: Discuss about the Report for Organization of Behavior, Structure and Processes. Answer: Introduction The term organization is used to refer to a collection of persons working together to accomplish a given mutual goal (Harper, 2015). Since the people working in the organization come from different regions, cultures, background and religions, diversity occurs in the organizations. This means that there has to be an agreed procedures to be adhered to both as a group of workers as well as an individual worker of the organization (Stewart, Barrick, 2000). Organizational structure is what outlines the way in which the organizational responsibilities are coordinated, grouped and shared among all members of each and every organization. Another important term in the paper is the organizational behavior which is the study of the traits portrayed by a group and individuals in an organization. There is a wide diversity in the organizational behavior brought by both the different structure of the organization and a collection of people of diverse cultures in an organization. The final term is the organizational processes which implies the methods through which activities in an organization are carried out (Pettigrew, 2014). Diversity in the organizational process, behavior and structure is the multiplicity of perspectives and experience resulting from variation in gender identity, race, mental or physical abilities, culture, age, religion, sexual orientation, and heritage (Harper, 2015). Organisation: Behaviour, Structure and Processes: Organizational structure play a major role in the day to day running of the company as illustrated in the definition. Hence every firm has organizational chart that diagrammatically displays the organizational structure, and also displays all the positional ranks as well as the relationship between members of the organization. Due to diversity in organizations two significant roles are provided to all members in each and every formal organizational structure (Cummings, Worley, 2014). First the extent of control amounting to each member in the organization is dictated by the structure. Secondly all the roles for the organizational members are illustrated by the structure of the organization, this is to ensure every member knows who they are supposed to report to as well as what they are supposed to do in the firm (Cummings, Worley, 2014). There are six diverse elements contained in an organizational structure. Each and every one of these influence the processes and the manner in which activities are performed in an organization. These elements of the organizational structure includes departmentalization whose role is to establish a manner in which the jobs are clustered together (Stewart, Barrick, 2000). Some of the ways in which the jobs in an organization can be grouped is as follows by product line, job function as well as job territory. All the organizations have chains of command that provides an authority line which runs from the bottom to the top of the organization spelling out the chain of command in other words who report to whom in a particular organization (DuBrin, 2013). The other element of the organizational structure is work specialization which is part of the significant elements in influencing the way in which the structure of the organization will be or how it is. It also affects the manner in which chores are subdivided into distinct jobs among members in the organization. Work specialization explains whether a job should be broken down among several members in a particular organization or the task should be completed by a particular individual (Pettigrew, 2013). More specialization is needed when a particular job is broken down into smaller chores in the firm. High specialization entails an advantage of high efficiency in an organization but on the other hand it has a disadvantage of boredom to the workers as they are required to do the same task over and over again (Cummings, Worley, 2014). As a result of the diversity in the organizational structure, the exact number of the managers needed to oversee and give direction to the employees in an organization is directly dictated by the particular structure adopted by the company. This is termed as span of control and is what determines the number of person or employees that are to be effectively and efficiently managed by an individual manager. Companies with a narrow span of control are less efficient and requires a bigger number of managers than an organization with a wider span of control, but when the span of control exceeds the limit, the employees in such an organization may not receive sufficient support and required leadership from the managers (Cummings, Worley, 2014). Diversity in the structure of the organization is perceived on decentralization and centralization. This determines the place where the authority in making decision lies. An organization is considered centralized when the lower level personnel are not considered nor consulted in decision-making but the supreme power lies on the top management. On the other hand a firm is considered decentralized when or where the lower level managers and personnel are involved in at a higher degree in decision making process in that particular organization (Stewart, Barrick, 2000). The last element contained in the structure of the organization is formalization. This element dictates to what degree the tasks in a particular firm are standardized. Lower degree of formalization gives a high degree of freedom and flexibility to employees in how they carry out their jobs. A highly formalized company on the other hand gives lesser freedom to the organizational employees as jobs have clearly defined proce dure (Stewart, Barrick, 2000). The organizational behavior being the study of the diverse character traits portrayed by persons and groups of persons and application of that knowledge in managing of the workers. This is done by taking a system approach, which means that organizational behavior elaborates the relationships that exist between the organization and people whole social system, whole organization, whole group and the whole person (Cummings, Worley, 2014). Its purpose is to develop a healthier relationships by achieving social objective, human objective and organizational objective (Cummings, 2004). The elements of organizational behavior are the basis in which an organization is based which are enshrined on managements values, goals, philosophy and vision. In turn these elements directs the diverse cultures of the organization which are composed of the social environment, the informal organization and the formal organization (Felin, et al, 2012). The four models illustrating the diversity under which the organization operates includes Custodial, Autocratic, Collegial, and Supportive. The Custodial model is based on the economic incomes with an administrative orientation of money (Stewart, Barrick, 2000). On the other hand the employees depends and are oriented towards benefits and security provided by the organization. Autocratic model is based on power with a managerial oriented authority. Here the workers are oriented towards dependence and obedience of the boss. Only the subsistence needs of the employees are met and there is minimal performance result (Stewart, Barrick, 2000). The Collegial model is based on partnership with a teamwork oriented managerial. The on the other hand are oriented to having self-discipline and behaving responsibly. Self-actualization is the employees need that is met while the moderate result is the performance result (Stewart, Barrick, 2000). Lastly is the supportive model based on leadershi p with a managerial oriented support. Despite there being four different models, majority of the organizations operate on several of these models at a particular instant (Robbins, 2001). Lastly there exist a diversity in the processes in an organization which entails, assigning the tasks to individuals after determination of the work needed to accomplish the goal of the organization, and organizing the individuals in a framework of making decisions that is organizational structure (Miner, 2015). Organization is the end product of the diverse organizational processes, which is an assemblage of combined parts acting in unison to perform tasks so as to efficiently and effectively attain a set goal. Team members can only be aware of their responsibilities in an organization where organizational processes are appropriately implemented (Stewart, Barrick, 2000). Failure to carry out the organization process in an appropriate manner result to lack of effectiveness, frustration, loss of efficiency and confusion among employees. Generally the diversity in the organizational processes can be illustrated in five steps including objectives and plans review, where the objectives are the precise activities which has to be accomplished to achieve goals while the plans are what shapes these activities for the goal to be achieved (Thornton, et al, 2012). As a result of the diversity in the organizational processes, it is mandatory for the plans to be continually examined by the managers as new goals are developed and the plans change. The next process is determining the necessary work to accomplish the objectives. Here to achieve the goal of the organization chores that require to be accomplished is listed and analyzed by the managers (Salin, 2003). Next is ensuring that necessary activities are clarified and managed into manageable units for example in four models of departmentalization; geographical, customer, functional and product. Then delegating and assigning activities. Lastly is designing a chain of command of relationships (Stewart, Barrick, 2000). Conclusion In conclusion, it is important and appropriate to understand the diversities that exist in different organizations. This diversities bring about difference in organizational behavior, structure and processes in each and every organization. Understanding of the diversities is the key to effective and efficient management of the organizational day to day activities. References Harper, C. (2015). Organizations: Structures, processes and outcomes. Routledge. Miner, J. B. (2015). Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014). The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014). Organization development and change. Cengage learning. DuBrin, A. J. (2013). Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Pettigrew, A. (2013). The Awakening Giant (Routledge Revivals): Continuity and Change in Imperial Chemical Industries. Routledge. Thornton, P. H., Ocasio, W., Lounsbury, M. (2012). The institutional logics perspective: A new approach to culture, structure, and process. Oxford University Press on Demand. Felin, T., Foss, N. J., Heimeriks, K. H., Madsen, T. L. (2012). Microfoundations of routines and capabilities: Individuals, processes, and structure. Journal of Management Studies, 49(8), 1351-1374. Robbins, S. P. (2001). Organizational behavior, 14/E. Pearson Education India. Salin, D. (2003). Ways of explaining workplace bullying: A review of enabling, motivating and precipitating structures and processes in the work environment. Human relations, 56(10), 1213-1232. Stewart, G. L., Barrick, M. R. (2000). Team structure and performance: Assessing the mediating role of intrateam process and the moderating role of task type. Academy of management Journal, 43(2), 135-148. Cummings, J. N. (2004). Work groups, structural diversity, and knowledge sharing in a global organization. Management science, 50(3), 352-364.

The History of Thanksgiving Essay Example For Students

The History of Thanksgiving Essay THANKSGIVING The purpose of Thanksgiving in Canada is different from the Americans. But even though the reasons for giving thanks are different, many of the customs are the same. Canadian Thanksgiving was originally started to give thanks to God for a bountiful harvest. This was when there were lots of farmers that grew crops. Now we give thanks for everything we appreciate. Some farming families still give thanks for a good crop. Harvest celebrations have been around a long time. Ever since the very first harvest, about 2000 years ago, people have given thanks for a prosperous bounty. The first formal Thanksgiving was in the year 1578. A man named Martin Frobisher had given thanks for surviving his journey from England. He also gave thanks for a place that is now called Newfoundland. The celebration at Thanksgiving was also brought to Nova Scotia when Americans began to settle there. At the same time French settlers were arriving and were also having feasts of thanks. In 1879, Canadian parliament declared November 6th a day of Thanksgiving and a national holiday. The date of Thanksgiving has changed several times until January 31st, 1957, when parliament proclaimed that the second Monday in October be a day of general Thanksgiving to the Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed. A big part of Thanksgiving is a Thanksgiving feast. The feast usually consists of potatoes, corn, sweet potatoes, peas, gravy, stuffing, salads, buns and lots of other great food. The main part of the feast is usually the turkey. Other families might have ham, roast beef, duck or chicken. The dessert that is most likely to follow the feast is pumpkin pie. Other people may choose different desserts and food depending on their customs and beliefs for which they choose to give thanks. Lets not forget the biggest and most important reason for this holiday giving THANKS! People usually give thanks for everything they have. Their jobs, health, families or just being alive are just a few of the things that people give thanks for. Thanksgiving is a time when people can create their own customs and traditions because everyone is thankful for different things. The cornucopia has become a traditional symbol of this holiday because it is commonly shown filled with grain, vegetables and fruit, t he staple food that settlers would give thanks for. During Thanksgiving, my family spends time together and we have fun. We go to places and give thanks to God for having each other in our lives. We give thanks for our health, our home, our food and especially each other. My favorite part of Thanksgiving is the pumpkin pie after a big turkey dinner with all the fixings. Thanksgiving is the perfect time for me to appreciate all that I have. My family farms so we always give thanks for a good harvest. Where we come from the community celebrates Thanksgiving all together with a tradition call Fowl Supper. The entire community enjoys food prepared by the local families in the basement of the local church. To those people who created this wonderful holiday..Thank-you for Thanksgiving.

Research Proposal on Knowledge Management Essay Example

Research Proposal on Knowledge Management Essay Knowledge Management Paper Knowledge management can be called one of the branches of management, which can help businessman create great effective strategies aimed at the development of a firm, company or corporation. When a manager knows much about the market, the most popular and required goods, he is able to plan the production of the goods people really need, which they will surely purchase. As a result, people are satisfied and business is flourishing. Knowledge management is closely connected with business and human resource management and build the basis of the business strategy. When these three components are well-developed and properly-controlled, the business will be surely profitable. Great companies devote much resources for the development of knowledge management, because this sphere helps to study the innovations in the market, popular products, and helps to react quickly towards these changes and improve production and the whole organization. The topic of knowledge management is quite interesting and useful for every person who plans to found business in future and manage it well. So, a good paper has to contain quality description of the importance of the problem, its historical background and explain what knowledge management is. Being a proposal, it should be informative, logical and convincing. Professor will value the quality of the paper and the topic on the basis of its importance, logical presentation of data and proper structure and formatting of the paper. Moreover, one has to prove that the problem is worth researching and has to do it skillfully. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Knowledge Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Knowledge Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Knowledge Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Students who need to write a good research proposal on knowledge management and corporate culture need to do much work in order to understand the topic and analyze its aspects from all sides. Inexperienced students often have troubles with proper formatting and composition of the paper; furthermore, they often fail to make the proposal convincing, possessing lack of knowledge and skills. It is obvious that students do not wish to fail their proposals and they try to find all possible writing help with their assignment. The best help with paper writing is the Internet with its free examples of research proposals on knowledge management system, which will be useful for every young professional. On the other hand such help should be limited, because many examples of the proposals are prepared by poorly-trained and amateur writers, so try to be careful and chose the sample attentively. In order to complete a well-structured informative paper one has to collect reliable data to possess at least basic knowledge of the problem. Moreover, if you read books, articles on the topic from various trustworthy periodicals, you will find reliable evidence which will support your point of view successfully. Having gathered information and read free samples of research proposals on knowledge management, you will be able to compose a well-analyzed informative and logical paper of your own.

The Sample Essay For College APA Certification

The Sample Essay For College APA CertificationA sample essay outline for APA certification can be quite helpful for students who are aspiring to take the APA test. You may also have seen samples of the APA testing service online and you may also find them displayed in classroom rooms. Most of the public schools usually have these forms in their classrooms as a tool to help students prepare for the APA test.When taking this kind of exam, you will have to spend some time answering a lot of questions. This is the reason why preparing your skills beforehand can save you a lot of time and effort during the exam. It will help you find the right answers when you are faced with many different kind of questions on the test.Writing a sample essay for APA exam can give you a detailed outline of what questions you need to answer in order to pass the exam. In addition, it can help you understand the purpose of the exam and what sort of questions you need to know if you want to get the certificati on. It will also give you the right time frame so that you can set a time schedule.Some people may think that writing a sample for APA certification is a very big task. In fact, you can usually find a sample essay outline for college APA certification on the internet. You can simply browse through the samples of the questions that you need to answer in order to earn your certification.The first thing that you need to do is to write the essay for college APA certification. You will then use the sample outline as a guide and try to answer all the questions in it. Even though you may feel overwhelmed during this process, it will help you gather all the information you need in order to write a successful test.After you have written the entire essay, you will need to take the test itself and study all the different sections of the test. It is important that you learn how to answer all the questions, so that you will have a higher chance of passing the exam. Taking a practice test may als o help you prepare for the real exam.If you do not want to take a practice test to prepare yourself for the exam, there are also online tests that you can take. There are no worries because you can get practice from all the different colleges that offer college APA certification. Most of these colleges have their own websites, so you can easily search for a good college that offers APA testing service.Before writing the sample essay for college APA certification, you should make sure that the information that you want to include in the essay is a fact. Otherwise, you may not be able to solve the questions. Once you start writing, you should make sure that you use a reliable research in order to make your essay work well.

Tyler LeBlanc LeBlanc 1. Essays (1120 words) - Free Essays

Tyler LeBlanc LeBlanc 1. Essays (1120 words) - Free Essays Tyler LeBlanc LeBlanc 1. Prof. Horowitz Enl 110 10/2/2017 Practice #2 Narrative Who Am I ? Story Losing It All I look around the crowded hallways, posters and decorated banners cover the never ending line of lockers. Mature teens stand near the metal walling repping institutions that they would attend shortly after our graduation. I stand out amongst the crowd wearing my same bland clothing, as up to that point no college representative made any effort in reaching out to me let alone throwing their schools apparel at me. I keep my mind optimistic, as I uploaded my football film up to the internet last night so I expect someone to reach out to me soon. Opportunity has finally knocked on my door, as I received a email from two schools last week pertaining their hopes of me attending their institutions on academic and athletic purpose. I scheduled an appointment to meet with the coach from Bryant University within the next couple of minutes and kept in contact with Iowa Western via email. I walk down the hallway after getting the announcement over the loud en t ercomm to go down to the front office to meet with my visitor and my senior advisor. As my clammy hand swings the aged door, a plump giant stranger lunges at me for embrace. The large man introduces himself as Bryant university's offensive coordinator. The over excellous man and I take a seat. Before the older gentleman discussed anything he mentioned I must cut fifty pounds to gain a roster spot. Me being a large LeBlanc 2. E goe d teenage r I informed the coach that I realistically did not see that happening. As soon as the words uttered from my mouth the man without response spontaneously changed his demeanor and swiftly and abruptly walked out of the advisor's office. I sit in the wooden chair in disbelief, trying to comprehend the event that just took place. My approval to Iowa western grasped tight in my hand, I kick the tightly packed suit cases into the barre brick room. From what I seen on the car rid e from the airport to campus through the dull scratched windows of the musty taxi Iowa turns out to be exactly what I knew it would be, nothing but corn . As I roll on to campus grounds, Hours roll by and still no one arrives. Typically one would be content with absensce of their roommate, however lay on the cold plastic fabric bed shuddering from the cold air shooting from the air conditioner placed right above my head. I grow more and more upset at myself, as if I swallowed my pride I could be in a D1 program in a warm catered dorm room. I swore to myself from this moment on I will make best of every moment of my life so I would never hit bottom like this once more. My mind schemed on exactly what must improve and how will I implement those ideals into my everyday life. I will not let my short comings define m e. I kept optimism and "saw my new circumstances as an opportunity to change, to move in a new direction. My breaths grew shorter as my legs churned faster and harder down the heavily cracked cement. Repetitive acrid comments jutt at my mind like tiny daggers cutting shallow yet swift. Sweat, yes sweat is more over the most uncomfortable factor of all this unnecessary bullshit, as my drenched grey T- Shirt alludes onlookers in believing I might have been running LeBlanc 3. home distraught as I just came in second place in a wet T - shirt competition. My routine image of my final destination is slowly blurring into my congested mind as I continuously fight the urge of halting. Once again I ruffle into three layers of scratchy long sleeve thermal shirts, and jump into my oversized Black- Grey champion sweat pants. I now turn my attention to my abbist of a shoe container. My stubby fingers buckle under t he plastic lid as I lift to jar free the refreshing smell of a large arrangement of over worked sneakers. I pull out the

Accounting Theory Of Mavis Ltd

Allocated fixed overhead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 8.00 Total unit of subassembly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30.00 8.Why is the distinction between relevant and non-relevant costs so important for Decision making in Cost and Management Accounting?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   9.Equipment to be used in producing the order has a book value of $2,000. The equipment has no other use for Lansing Company. If the order is not accepted, the equipment will be sold for $1,500. If the equipment is used in producing the order, it can be sold in three months for $800. 10.If the special order is accepted, the operations will require some of the storage space in the company’s plant. If the space is used for this purpose, the company will rent storage space temporarily in a nearby warehouse at a cost of $18,000. The building depreciation allocated to the storage space to be used in producing the special order is $12,000. (1.5 marks) 11.If the special order is accepted, it will require a Subassembly. Lansing Camera can purchase the subassembly for $24.00 per unit from an outside supplier or make it for $30.00 per unit. The 330.00 per unit was determined as follows: Allocated fixed overhead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 8.00 Total unit of subassembly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30.00 12.Why is the distinction between relevant and non-relevant costs so important for decision making in Cost and Management Accounting? 13.Equipment to be used in producing the order has a book value of $2,000. The equipment has no other use for Lansing Company. If the order is not accepted, the equipment will be sold for $1,500. If the equipment is used in producing the order, it can be sold in three months for $800. 14.If the special order is accepted, the operations will require some of the Storage Space in the Company’s plant. If the space is used for this purpose, the Company will rent storage space temporarily in a nearby warehouse at a cost of $18,000. The building depreciation allocated to the storage space to be used in producing the special order is $12,000. 15.If the special order is accepted, it will require a subassembly. Lansing Camera can purchase the subassembly for $24.00 per unit from an outside supplier or make it for $30.00 per unit. The 330.00 per unit was determined as follows: Allocated fixed overhead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 8.00 Total unit of subassembly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   16.Why is the distinction between relevant and non-relevant Costs so important for decision making in cost and Management Accounting?   1.Computation of budgeted factory overhead rate for Department Alpha. Budgeted Factory Overhead Rate ($225,000/$180,000)    2.Computation of budgeted factory overhead rate for Department Bet Budgeted Factory Overhead Rate ($180,000/40,000) The total overhead cost of Job 100 is Rs. 78,250/- WN-1: Calculation of factory overhead: 4.It is possible to have different overhead allocation rates. The possible reasons for using different allocation rate by Mavis Ltd. could be to split overhead costs in most appropriate and justifiable manner by using different cost pools. As this approach results in more fine-tuned allocations and costing. As in the above case, department alpha is using direct labour cost for allocation of factory overhead because it could be a labour intensive department and most of the tasks are done by labour. So, using labour cost as allocation rate is more appropriate. Whereas, the department beta could be machine intensive department, an The relevance of each of the following items in computation of the costs of the special order is as follows: 5.The book value of equipment to be used in producing the order of $2,000 is a sunk cost and therefore it is irrelevant for the decision. The relevant cost of the equipment is $ 700, i.e. $1,500 (sale value of equipment now, if the order is not accepted) Less $800 (sale value of equipment after 3 months, after producing the equipment). 6.The $12,000 building depreciation allocated to the storage space to be used in producing the special order is irrelevant that means the company will going to incur it irrespective of the fact whether the special order is accepted or not. So, it is a sunk cost. Further, the relevant cost is $18,000 which the company is going to incur only for the special order, if accepted. 7.The purchasing cost of subassembly is $24 per unit whereas if the company made it in house it will cost $22 calculated as below: Allocated fixed overhead of $8 is irrelevant for the special order as the company will incur this overhead irrespective of the fact whether the special order is accepted or not. So, from above it is clear that, the company should make the subassembly instead of purchasing it from outside. 8.The distinction between relevant and non-relevant costs is determined to ascertain the profitability of different alternatives available with the management. There are some costs which remain the same irrespective of the alternative chosen, these costs are irrelevant costs and hence are ignored while decision making, while the costs which changes or have impact on alternative chosen are treated as relevant costs. For ex, for the decision of making a particular product in house or purchasing it from outside, there may be come costs which the company has to incur in both the alternatives, is treated as irrelevant costs. 9.Calculation of Unit Contribution Margin Unit Contribution Margin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sales – Variable Cost   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $5,595 – $899-$233   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $4,463 10.Calculation of breakeven point in units Breakeven Point   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fixed Cost / Unit contribution Margin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $2,352,000/$4,463   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   527 units Calculation of breakeven point in dollars Breakeven Point  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fixed Cost / Unit Contribution Margin * Sales Price   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $2,352,000/$4,463 * $5,595 11.Desired level of sales if the company plans to increase fixed costs by 5 percent and achieve a desired before-tax profit of $200,000 is 598 units amounting to $3,345,810 calculated as follows: Current Fixed costs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $2,352,000 Proposed Fixed Costs (2,352,000*105%)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $2,469,600 Desired Profit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $   200,000 Total Contribution Margin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $2,669,600 Units to be sold (2,669,600/4,463)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   598 Sales value (598*5,595)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $3,345,810 12.If the company’s income tax rate is 22 per cent, then 570 units (Sales value 3,189,649) are required to be sold to achieve an after-tax profit of $150,000. Managers uses break even analysis to determine the point of sales or the number of units required to be sold to recover all the costs incurred, meaning thereby to determine the level of sales where the company is having no profit or no loss. Thus, it also helps management in decision making. 13.Calculation of Contribution margin per unit of service Charges per night  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $50 Variable expense  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $20 Contribution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $30 14.Calculation of Contribution-margin ratio Contribution Margin Ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   contribution margin / sales   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $30/$50   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   60% 15.Calculation of annual break-even point in units of service and in dollars of service revenue Annual break-even point in units ($42,000/$30) Annual break-even point in dollars of service revenue ($42,000/60%)